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Question 033

Why are there four Gospels — and do they disagree?

Codex Sinaiticus — Gospel of Matthew, 4th century
4 witnesses
By design
4 audiences
Four angles
Differences
Not errors
Stronger
Together
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The Short Answer

For the same reason a trial calls four witnesses instead of one. Matthew writes for Jewish readers (Jesus the promised King), Mark for Romans (Jesus the man of action), Luke for the wider Greek world (Jesus the Savior of everyone — Luke interviewed eyewitnesses, he says so), and John for the whole world (Jesus, God in the flesh). They differ the way honest witnesses always differ — angle, emphasis, detail — and that's evidence of independence, not error. Four identical accounts would smell like collusion.

How sure are we? The differences are real, well-mapped for 1,900 years — and they never break the story
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Key Scripture

tap any to read
Luke 1:1-3 — Luke shows his method
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Since many have undertaken to set in order a narrative... even as those who from the beginning were eyewitnesses... it seemed good to me also, having traced the course of all things accurately from the first, to write to you in order.
John 20:31 — John shows his purpose
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But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in his name.
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Watch

Overview: Matthew 1–13
BibleProject
Overview: Mark
BibleProject
Overview: Luke 1–9
BibleProject
Overview: John 1–12
BibleProject
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The Famous "Contradictions"

One angel or two at the tomb?
the classic example
  • Where there are two, there is always one — mentioning the speaker isn't denying his companion
  • Witness accounts that vary in detail while agreeing in substance are the kind courts trust
  • A few timing puzzles remain genuinely discussed — none touch who Jesus is or what he did
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From the Collection

Canon of Scripture Established
see it on the timeline
The Bible — read all four
Matthew, Mark, Luke, John
Who chose the books of the Bible?
the companion question
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Why It Matters

You don't get four portraits of a legend — you get one official one. Four angles on one man is what history looks like when it really happened.

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