David Anointed King
Anointed by Samuel as a shepherd boy in Bethlehem, David becomes king of Judah at Hebron — and seven years later king of all Israel, establishing Jerusalem as the capital, the City of David.
Kingdom Divides
After Solomon's death, the kingdom splits into Israel (10 northern tribes under Jeroboam) and Judah (southern tribes under Rehoboam).
The Death of King Ahab at Ramoth-Gilead
King Ahab of Israel allied with Jehoshaphat of Judah to retake Ramoth-Gilead from Aram, disguising himself in battle. A randomly drawn bow struck King Ahab between the joints of his armor, and he died that evening, fulfilling the prophecy against him.
Amos, Herdsman of Tekoa, Prophesies at Bethel
Amos, a shepherd and tender of sycamore-fig trees from Tekoa in Judah, was called by God to prophesy against the northern kingdom of Israel during the reign of Jeroboam II. He told the priest Amaziah that he was no professional prophet, but a herdsman whom the Lord took from following the flock.
Amos and the Vision of the Plumb Line
Amos received a vision in which the Lord stood beside a wall with a plumb line, declaring that Israel would be measured and found crooked. When Amos prophesied the fall of Jeroboam's house, the priest Amaziah ordered him to flee back to Judah, and Amos foretold Amaziah's own ruin and Israel's exile.
Isaiah's Commission
In the year King Uzziah dies, Isaiah sees the Lord high and exalted in the Temple. He is cleansed and commissioned as a prophet to Judah.
Josiah's Reforms
The young king Josiah discovers the Book of the Law in the Temple and launches sweeping reforms, tearing down altars and idols throughout Judah.
Fall of Jerusalem
Babylon destroys Jerusalem and Solomon's Temple, carrying Judah into exile. The Davidic monarchy is ended, and the land is left desolate.
Babylonian Exile
Judah lives in captivity in Babylon — a 70-year period reckoned from the first deportation in 605 BC to the return in 538 BC, as prophesied by Jeremiah. It is a period of deep reflection and theological transformation.
Isaiah foretells a people who hear but do not understand (Isaiah 6:9-10) — Jesus quotes this to explain His parables (Matthew 13:14-15).
Jeremiah prophesied 70 years of captivity (Jeremiah 29:10) — fulfilled when Cyrus decreed the return from exile.