Skip to main content
Question 031

When was Jesus actually born?

Adoration by the Shepherds — stained glass, Springboro, Ohio
6 refs
Scripture
c. 5 BC
Best date
Not year 0
Fun fact
Fairly sure
How sure?
⧖ See on Timeline
1

The Short Answer

Almost certainly around 5 BC — a few years "before Christ" on our own calendar. That sounds like a joke, but it's just a math slip: the monk who built our calendar in the 500s miscounted by a few years. The Bible's clues — King Herod was still alive (he died in 4 BC) and a Roman census was underway — point to 5 BC. And there is no "year zero": the calendar jumps from 1 BC straight to AD 1.

How sure are we? Fairly sure of the year — the day (December 25) is tradition, not Scripture
2

Key Scripture

tap any to read
Matthew 2:1 — the Herod clue
Read →
Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of King Herod, behold, wise men from the east came to Jerusalem.
Luke 2:1 — the census clue
Read →
Now in those days, a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be enrolled.
3

Watch

Overview: Luke 1–9
BibleProject
The Roman Census
YouTube
4

How the Clues Line Up

Herod's death — the hard deadline
he died in 4 BC, so Jesus was born before that
  • Herod ordered the Bethlehem attack on boys two and under — Jesus was already born
  • Ancient historian Josephus pins Herod's death just before a lunar eclipse in 4 BC
  • A minority of scholars argue for Herod dying in 1 BC
Why December 25?
the date is a church tradition from the 300s
  • Scripture never gives the day — shepherds in the fields may hint at spring or fall
  • Celebrating on the 25th is fine — just know the Bible doesn't say it
5

From the Collection

Birth of Jesus Christ — 5 BC
see it on the timeline
John the Baptist — born months earlier
character profile
6

Why It Matters

A calendar mistake doesn't shake history: pagan and Jewish writers alike place Jesus in real time, under a real emperor, in a real province. The question was never whether he was born — it's who he was.

7

Keep Asking